On May 22, 2025, House Republicans pushed their ambitious “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” closer to a House vote, navigating internal divisions and eleventh-hour changes. Dubbed by President Trump, this sweeping legislation aims to deliver massive tax cuts, border security enhancements, and significant spending reductions, particularly to Medicaid and SNAP.
Despite a rocky journey through the Budget Committee, the bill advanced with a 17-16 vote after conservatives secured concessions. As the House Rules Committee voted 8-4 to send it to the floor, the bill’s fate remains uncertain with Senate challenges looming. Here’s a look at its key components and the hurdles ahead (Beautiful Bill).
Tax Cuts and Spending Reductions
The proposed legislation offers significant tax relief, aiming to make the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act permanent, remove taxes on tips and overtime pay, and raise the child tax credit to $2,500 through the year 2028. It also slashes Social Security taxes for seniors. To offset the estimated $4.5 trillion in tax breaks, the package proposes over $1.6 trillion in cuts, primarily targeting Medicaid with work requirements for able-bodied adults and stricter eligibility checks (Beautiful Bill).
SNAP faces reductions, potentially affecting 3 million monthly recipients. Critics warn of 7.6 million losing health coverage, while supporters argue these changes ensure program sustainability.
Political Challenges and Senate Outlook
Despite House progress, GOP hard-liners like Rep. Chip Roy demanded steeper cuts, delaying the bill’s initial advance. Moderates from high-tax states pushed for larger SALT deductions, complicating negotiations. The bill’s passage on May 22 hinged on last-minute tweaks, but Senate Republicans signal major revisions are needed, with some opposing deep Medicaid cuts (Beautiful Bill).
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Speaker Mike Johnson aims for a Memorial Day deadline, but Senate dynamics and a $4 trillion debt limit increase could stall progress. The bill’s wide-ranging proposals are set to challenge Republican unity as it moves toward a pivotal floor vote.
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